青岛上空中层大气密度和温度的激光雷达探测

介绍了中国电波传播研究所瑞利散射激光雷达系统的结构和性能, 阐述了激光雷达探测中层大气密度和温度的工作原理, 给出了青岛地区中层大气密度和温度的初步探测结果. 通过与卫星、探空气球和大气模式数据的结果对比, 验证了激光雷达探测大气温度的可靠性. 基于2008-2009两年的观测, 获得了青岛地区上空中层大气温度的季节变化和平均分布. 激光雷达观测结果表明, 青岛地区平流层温度比CIRA86模式结果高, 且二者偏差呈夏秋季小、冬春季大的特点, 中间层温度则正好相反.      

一种半解析方法火星再入探测器一体化设计模型

提出了一种火星再入探测器的半解析法一体化模型,为未来火星探测器的初步设计提供包括弹道、气动参数、防热系统在内的设计依据。在任务初步设计阶段,由于涉及多个学科,火星大气与地球大气模型差异很大,需要考虑的因素很多,因此需要一个半解析的,能够实时进行弹道、气动参数和防热层温度分布计算的设计工具。该工具应该包括气动外形、弹道、防热为一体的设计模型,且能满足计算负担要求。基于此,提出了一种普遍适应的火星探测器外形定义方程,并对其中的一种特殊情况进行了解析公式的推导。在合理假设的前提下,给出了计算防热层内部温度分布的半解析计算公式,并以MER\|B (Mars Exploration Rover)探测器为例进行了弹道和气动受热仿真。计算结果表明,该一体化计算模型的仿真计算落点与实际落点很接近,达到了火星探测器初步设计阶段一体化的计算要求。
     

Particle acceleration and gamma rays in solar flares: Recent observations and new modeling

Experiments on SMM, GAMMA, Yohkoh, GRANAT, Compton GRO, INTEGRAL, RHESSI and CORONAS-F satellites over the past three decades have provided copious data for fundamental research relating to particle acceleration, transport and energetics of flares and to the ambient abundance of the solar corona, chromosphere and photosphere. We summarize main results of solar gamma-astronomy (including some results of several joint Russian–Chinese projects) and try to appraise critically a real contribution of those results into modern understanding of solar flares, particle acceleration at the Sun and some properties of the solar atmosphere. Recent findings based on the RHESSI, INTEGRAL and CORONAS-F measurements (source locations, spectrum peculiarities, ³He abundance etc.) are especially discussed. Some unusual features of extreme solar events (e.g., 28 October 2003 and 20 January 2005) have been found in gamma-ray production and generation of relativistic particles (solar cosmic rays, or SCR). A number of different plausible assumptions are considered concerning the details of underlying physical processes during large flares: (1) existence of a steeper distribution of surrounding medium density as compared to a standard astrophysical model (HSRA) for the solar atmosphere; (2) enhanced content of the ³He isotope; (3) formation of magnetic trap with specific properties; (4) prevailing non-uniform (e.g., fan-like) velocity (angular) distributions of secondary neutrons, etc. It is emphasized that real progress in this field may be achieved only by combination of gamma-ray data in different energy ranges with multi-wave and energetic particle observations during the same event. We especially note several promising lines for the further studies: (1) resonant acceleration of the ³He ions in the corona; (2) timing of the flare evolution by gamma-ray fluxes in energy range above 90 MeV; (3) separation of gamma-ray fluxes from different sources at/near the Sun (e.g., different acceleration sources/episodes during the same flare, contribution of energetic particles accelerated by the CME-driven shocks etc.); (4) asymmetric magnetic geometry and new magnetic topology models of the near-limb flares; (5) modeling of self-consistent time scenario of the event.     

Patterns of carbon monoxide in the middle atmosphere and effects of solar variability

We determine the spatial-time patterns of zonally averaged carbon monoxide (CO) in the middle atmosphere by applying Principle Component Analysis to the CO data obtained from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) measurements on the Aura satellite in 2004–2012. The first two principal components characterize more than 90% of the CO variability. Both principal components are localized in the low thermosphere near the mesopause. The first principal component is asymmetric relative to the poles. It has opposite signs in the Northern and Southern Hemisphere at mid to high latitudes and strongly oscillates with an annual periodicity. The second principal component has the same sign in both hemispheres and oscillates mainly with a semi-annual frequency. Both principal components are modulated by the 11-year solar cycle and display short-term variations. To test possible correlations of these variations with the short term solar ultraviolet (UV) variability we use the simultaneous measurements of the UV solar radiance from the Solar-Stellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment (SOLSTICE) on the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE) satellite to investigate the correlation between CO in the middle atmosphere and solar UV in 2004–2012. Using a wavelet coherence technique a weak, intermittent 27-day signal is detected in high-frequency parts of the CO principal components.     

大气湍流对深空天线组阵相位影响分析

深空测控网采用大规模天线组阵系统比单个大天线具有一定优势,构建一个Ka频段的天线组阵系统无论对于星际测控通信还是天文观测都是一种经济、可持续扩展的技术方案。然而天线组阵系统工作于Ka频段时,由于天线间相位的快速起伏漂移将使得合成信噪比迅速恶化,尤其对于深空测控上行链路信号的相位监测和闭环控制带来巨大挑战,所以对天线间大气相位扰动测量和数值模拟非常必要。参考国外相关的干涉测量数据,首先分析了天线组阵大气相位扰动测量和统计分析方法;然后利用微波大气湍流模型,建立了天线组阵相位漂移抖动模型;对大气湍流引起的相位延迟扰动过程进行了仿真实现。利用模型产生的天线组阵相位抖动数值,可以测试和评估天线组阵信号合成处理系统的适用性。     

TiAl＋Sb合金室温变形亚结构的研究

使用透射电子显微镜，较详细地研究了Ｔｉ－３４Ａｌ－０．５Ｓｂ（ｗｔ％）合金经过２～３％室温压缩塑性变形以后的变形亚结构。试验结果表明，ＴｉＡｌ＋Ｓｂ合金室温变形时，在ｒ相板条内形成大量变形孪晶。相邻板条呈某种位向关系下，可以以相界面作镜面，在其两侧的两片ｒ相板条内形成呈一一对应关系的变形孪晶。而在一些取向的ｒ相板条内只产生位错。     

X-ray bursts associated with envelope expansion

The precursor associated with a long X-ray burst is interpreted in terms of the stellar envelope expansion. The mass flow driven by the radiation pressure in excess of the local Eddington limit and the grey atmosphere model correctly describe the burst profiles in different energy ranges.     

一种简易无人机载大气数据计算机的设计

大气数据参数的采集和处理是无人机的关键技术之一。本文针对无人机的具体特点，给出了一种基于C51单片机的简易大气数据计算机的设计方案，并着重对系统的硬件和软件设计进行了分析和研究。实验表明该系统满足无人机的使用要求。     

复杂地形在不同大气条件下流场显示实验研究

在拖曳式水槽中利用不同密度分层的盐水来模拟不同的大气条件。对香港岛铜锣湾地带的污染情况进行了不同大气条件下的流场显示实验。从该地区在常年风作用下流场的变化,找出污染物不易扩散的原因。     

DYNAMO: a Mars upper atmosphere package for investigating solar wind interaction and escape processes, and mapping Martian fields

DYNAMO is a small multi-instrument payload aimed at characterizing current atmospheric escape, which is still poorly constrained, and improving gravity and magnetic field representations, in order to better understand the magnetic, geologic and thermal history of Mars. The internal structure and evolution of Mars is thought to have influenced climate evolution. The collapse of the primitive magnetosphere early in Mars history could have enhanced atmospheric escape and favored transition to the present arid climate. These objectives are achieved by using a low periapsis orbit. DYNAMO has been proposed in response to the AO released in February 2002 for instruments to be flown as a complementary payload onboard the CNES Orbiter to Mars (MO-07), foreseen to be launched in 2007 in the framework of the French PREMIER Mars exploration program. MO-07 orbital phase 2b (with an elliptical orbit of periapsis 170 km), and in a lesser extent 2a, offers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate by in situ probing the chemical and dynamical properties of the deep ionosphere, thermosphere, and the interaction between the atmosphere and the solar wind, and therefore the present atmospheric escape rate. Ultraviolet remote sensing is an essential complement to characterize high, tenuous, layers of the atmosphere. One Martian year of operation, with about 5,000 low passes, should allow DYNAMO to map in great detail the residual magnetic field, together with the gravity field. Additional data on the internal structure will be obtained by mapping the electric conductivity, sinergistically with the NETLANDER magnetic data. Three options have been recommended by the International Science and Technical Review Board (ISTRB), who met on July 1st and 2nd, 2002. One of them is centered on DYNAMO. The final choice, which should be made before the end of 2002, will depend on available funding resources at CNES.